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NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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presents the von Karman lecture a series

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of talks by scientists and engineers who

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are exploring our planet our solar

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system and all that lies beyond

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we hear the announcer counting down the

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final minutes and the final seconds all

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of your senses are heightened your

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emotions are running an overdrive

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because all of those years work is

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finally leading up to this culmination

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in the project's development lifecycle

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eight seven six just kind of waiting

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together for that brilliant flash of

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light and we have liftoff and I have to

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say that on the 24th of February 2009

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you couldn't ask for a better day as far

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as the weather goes all of us were glued

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to the screens or the monitors in front

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of us

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few minutes into the OTO mission that

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was an excellent two minutes after the

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launch you know this was a great start

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you know the images were perfect it

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looks like we Anna we had a great first

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stage taking off page one step stage 2

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ignition vehicle attitude nominal power

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buses nominal stage two burn will last

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approximately 70 seconds and then I

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started to hear some chatter you know on

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one of the engineering channels fairing

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separation vehicle attitude nominal

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following jettison of payload fairing

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and there was a trajectory engineer and

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said they calculated a negative perigee

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that means that the lowest point in the

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orbit is going to be below the surface

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of the earth and they just meant to me

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that basically the launch vehicle upper

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several minutes after that there was

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utter silence I think we all understood

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at that point in time that we had lost

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the mission and you know all of the work

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leading up to that the five six seven

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years that all of us had had work - for

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this single point in time was for not

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none of us treated this like a job we

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all treated this like something worth

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doing

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we're committed not only to the mission

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but committed to ourselves and that was

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the hardest part to really accept

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[Music]

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in that the day or two after the loss of

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the original Osio mission we got

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together here at JPL including our

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center director we had put together a

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proposal that we submitted the NASA

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which we later called Osio - once we got

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the go-ahead we never looked back

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liftoff of the delta ii rocket with a

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co2 and co2 has been operating now for

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nearly five years the orbiting carbon

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Observatory and is now separated from

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the second stage and it's flying on its

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own during development of orbiting

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carbon Observatory number two we built

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the flight unit but we also built a

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flight spare we made some modifications

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to adapt that instrument for use on the

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international space station as I was co3

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the world is changing the climate is

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changing and the best way to be able to

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deal with changes it's really to

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understand the problem itself o co3 in

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conjunction with oco-2 are going to help

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us to better understand the problem and

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be able to put processes procedures in

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place on how to cope not just for

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today's generation but for future

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generations that's life of the space

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business it's a calculated risk but it's

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a risk worth 15

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you have to be bold you have to be dairy

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you have to be willing to risk the

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lowest lows to achieve the highest highs

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for me that the primary lesson is don't

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give up keep moving forward and good

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things will happen and all of those good

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things aren't going to be much more

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valuable in knowing what it took to get

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good evening folks wherever you are on

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this planet

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welcome to the von Karman series live

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here from the von Karman auditorium here

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at JPL at NASA's Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory my name is Bryan white from

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the Office of Communications in

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education and tonight we look at hope we

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will get home we look at the place where

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everybody you've ever known has ever

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lived this is looking home Oh CEO three

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and science from the ISS now we got a

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great panel this evening but they will

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be the first to tell you that this is a

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very small part of this incredible

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amazing team while we're talking you're

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gonna see some images behind us of

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people doing the work of the work that's

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actually happening but I want to get to

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our panel cuz there's a lot of great

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stuff coming out of them tonight Lido

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golf we have a start the star of our

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opening video Ralph Basilio project

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manager of Ocoee and next to him the

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science data applications and

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Matt Bennett the project systems

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engineer and finally last but certainly

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not least Graziella Keller Rodriguez

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engineering applications software

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now we're Ralph's we're gonna start with

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you because we got so much of you in

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that video I feel we should just but

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that's okay

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I don't think we did how did you I mean

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get not necessarily here but on to these

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Oh Co missions well it started out as a

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part-time job believe it or not so yeah

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it was about 16 years ago and and I know

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it was 16 years ago because I looked at

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my computer and I found an old Oh Co

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file that was dated April 16 2003 so it

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doesn't go back that far so that was my

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first affiliation with the OSI Oh series

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of missions and at that time I was

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working on another Space Flight mission

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here at JPL so I was a flight system

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manager for another Earth orbiting

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satellite system and one day early in

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the week our project manager called his

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staff into the room and said hey we got

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a little bit of a slowdown we got some

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budget issues you know where all of us

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are gonna have to look for part-time

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jobs and take the pressure off of our

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accounts here so said ok that's great

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and by the end of the week all of us on

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the staff found part-time jobs so so the

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project manager had some mixed emotions

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on one hand he was quite pleased he was

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happy that we followed through on his

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directions but we all yeah we all

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listened to it but on the other hand he

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was a little bit dismayed some probs a

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little bit saddened that we not only

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took his order but we did it posthaste

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so there was a sense of immediacy to get

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it done because the following week I

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don't think anybody showed up for the

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staff meeting so because we're all

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working on our other jobs so with that

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being said you know it was really an

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exciting time

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ran back in 2003 that was my first

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opportunity to work on OC L & O CO was

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really that was NASA's first dedicated

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mission devoted to understanding

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atmospheric carbon dioxide we're really

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the purpose of improving our

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understanding of the climate proper

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excuse me the carbon cycle so that we

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could better understand the processes

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that are driving climate change today

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and Osio

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was designed to be the first satellite

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to have the precision resolution and

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coverage needed so that we can

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understand where these sources or

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emitters of co2 and sinks or observer

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absorbers of co2 are okay regional

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scales throughout the world so it was a

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it was an honorable endeavor at that

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time and it still is very cool and Karin

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you you were early on Oh Co but you like

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to point out that Ralph's doing it

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longer if I worked is that correctly no

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actually I'm very proud to say so last

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week I celebrated my 18 years at JPL and

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one of the first tasks that I had was to

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support these four proposals that were

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going through and there were the SSP

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proposals and no Co was one of them in

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fact I see a familiar face than the

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audience is somebody that I met very

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early on and I got on with these folks

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and it's been quite a ride ever since

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okay I guess I'll stick with you on this

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is why why earth why did you want to

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kind of these o co missions and well

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okay yes everything that Ralph said that

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it is very honorable and and with my

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background I wanted to do it but I would

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be lying to you if I didn't say he gave

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me the job and I just did what they told

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okay well thank you for your honesty

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here we're watching this video and you

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have this this wonderful spacecraft and

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then there's an anomaly and that would

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be I know would be crushing for mating

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how do you how do you deal with

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something like that it really starts

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with working on things that are

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meaningful for you something that

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inspires you something that drives you

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and for all of us working on OSI oh that

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was definitely a true statement that we

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are all focused on getting the job done

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so it was obviously quite devastating

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when we lost those CEO I think the other

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important thing about overcoming

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adversity is knowing that it's a it's a

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process now nothing happens overnight

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and for us a necessary first step was

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the grieving process you know

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immediately after that field launch we

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convened our science team and we had a

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long talk and I would say that there

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wasn't a dry eye in the room but after

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that greeting process however short it

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was we all drove back here to JPL

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because I remember it was already one

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morning our lab director was in the

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conference room with us and that meant

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yeah this is pretty serious stuff we

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need to figure out what to do here

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and we set out to basically assess the

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situation what do we know what do we

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don't know and we developed a plan and

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after we put together that plan we set

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out to do what it took for as long as it

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took to get the job done and I think the

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most important thing for for me the main

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takeaway was that you know you don't

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really know what you're truly capable of

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until you you meet adversity you have

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challenges you have these obstacles to

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overcome and I feel it made us a

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stronger team after that and we lost one

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satellite but today we have an operating

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satellite and we have a payload

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operating on the space station so we

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couldn't ask for any more than that

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it's true that's that's a good point

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without that you wouldn't have these

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other two up there and I'm gonna switch

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to some of our newer members on the team

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Graziella because the big question that

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we're gonna be getting a lot or at least

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as I have a tendency to hear a lot with

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our science is the why can you talk to

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us about the why of Oh co 3 & O CO 2 and

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the O cos we care about carbon dioxide

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because it's a very important greenhouse

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gas and it's driving global warming and

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as humans we are dumping huge amounts of

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carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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mainly by burning fossil fuels and we

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are are actually the ones responsible

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for the increase in the concentrations

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of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

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actually we have a very famous example

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most people have heard of the Keeling

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curve and the Keeling curve is actually

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00:13:18,179 --> 00:13:16,269
established by dr. Charles Keeling back

275
00:13:22,170 --> 00:13:18,189
in 1958 for the International

276
00:13:24,780 --> 00:13:22,180
Geophysical Year and it's an important

277
00:13:26,249 --> 00:13:24,790
point to look at because if you think

278
00:13:29,069 --> 00:13:26,259
about where atmospheric carbon dioxide

279
00:13:30,689 --> 00:13:29,079
was in the beginning of the Industrial

280
00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:30,699
Revolution and we usually say it's about

281
00:13:38,160 --> 00:13:35,050
1850 from 1850 to 1958 so it's a hundred

282
00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:38,170
eight years it went from 280 parts per

283
00:13:43,889 --> 00:13:41,920
million to 310 parts per million and the

284
00:13:48,179 --> 00:13:43,899
interesting thing so that's 30 parts per

285
00:13:49,829 --> 00:13:48,189
million in 108 years from 1958 to 2008

286
00:13:53,519 --> 00:13:49,839
which was just a year before the Oh co

287
00:13:55,530 --> 00:13:53,529
launched we grew 70 parts per million so

288
00:13:57,660 --> 00:13:55,540
that it was up to 385 parts per million

289
00:14:00,449 --> 00:13:57,670
so basically in the span of 50 years we

290
00:14:02,490 --> 00:14:00,459
more than doubled that amount and folks

291
00:14:04,679 --> 00:14:02,500
should know that back in 2013 that was

292
00:14:06,869 --> 00:14:04,689
the first time in human history that we

293
00:14:11,129 --> 00:14:06,879
reached 400 parts per million but if you

294
00:14:13,980 --> 00:14:11,139
take 2008 until 2019 we actually grew

295
00:14:17,939 --> 00:14:13,990
another 30 parts per million and and

296
00:14:20,759 --> 00:14:17,949
this was I'm sorry - yeah 2019 May we

297
00:14:22,040 --> 00:14:20,769
were at 415 parts per million so what we

298
00:14:24,170 --> 00:14:22,050
did in 180

299
00:14:26,619 --> 00:14:24,180
we did in 11 years we grew another 30

300
00:14:29,629 --> 00:14:26,629
parts per million in the same location

301
00:14:31,309 --> 00:14:29,639
that's not even the whole story right

302
00:14:34,879 --> 00:14:31,319
there is two missing pieces to this

303
00:14:36,679 --> 00:14:34,889
puzzle for example not all of the carbon

304
00:14:39,139 --> 00:14:36,689
dioxide that we dumped into the

305
00:14:41,019 --> 00:14:39,149
atmosphere as humans actually stays

306
00:14:44,540 --> 00:14:41,029
there and contributes to global warming

307
00:14:46,939 --> 00:14:44,550
about half of it the oceans and the

308
00:14:49,610 --> 00:14:46,949
plants are taken down so in the sense

309
00:14:51,740 --> 00:14:49,620
they are doing us this huge favor so

310
00:14:54,889 --> 00:14:51,750
things could be worse

311
00:14:59,269 --> 00:14:54,899
of taking more carbon dioxide than they

312
00:15:01,100 --> 00:14:59,279
emit and but that's on average because

313
00:15:03,230 --> 00:15:01,110
some years they are capable of taking

314
00:15:05,740 --> 00:15:03,240
down a lot more than other years and

315
00:15:08,660 --> 00:15:05,750
it's very important for us to understand

316
00:15:11,090 --> 00:15:08,670
the processes that control these

317
00:15:13,129 --> 00:15:11,100
variations because we want to be able to

318
00:15:14,869 --> 00:15:13,139
predict what the concentrations of

319
00:15:16,939 --> 00:15:14,879
carbon dioxide will be in the future

320
00:15:18,499 --> 00:15:16,949
especially in an earth that's going to

321
00:15:21,019 --> 00:15:18,509
be different from the earth that we have

322
00:15:22,490 --> 00:15:21,029
today is going to be warmer and it will

323
00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:22,500
have more carbon dioxide in the

324
00:15:28,610 --> 00:15:25,610
atmosphere and these factors they have

325
00:15:32,119 --> 00:15:28,620
potential to impact the ability of these

326
00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:32,129
carbon sinks to absorb carbon dioxide

327
00:15:38,540 --> 00:15:35,970
and the way we have to answer these

328
00:15:42,650 --> 00:15:38,550
questions is by getting data it's by

329
00:15:45,980 --> 00:15:42,660
getting measurements you see some of the

330
00:15:47,689 --> 00:15:45,990
spots so manalo be an example of one of

331
00:15:49,730 --> 00:15:47,699
these spots and that's great you have a

332
00:15:51,610 --> 00:15:49,740
lot of information there but what we

333
00:15:54,470 --> 00:15:51,620
really need to do is to get this

334
00:15:55,160 --> 00:15:54,480
globally and that's what we did with O

335
00:15:57,309 --> 00:15:55,170
co2

336
00:15:59,480 --> 00:15:57,319
basically you took a very precise

337
00:16:01,879 --> 00:15:59,490
instrument and you were able to put it

338
00:16:04,939 --> 00:16:01,889
out in space and provide that global

339
00:16:06,619 --> 00:16:04,949
coverage and and this gives you an idea

340
00:16:08,780 --> 00:16:06,629
of what you saw before with the spots

341
00:16:12,490 --> 00:16:08,790
you able to see this is actual data of

342
00:16:14,900 --> 00:16:12,500
level 2 data that we have for o co2 and

343
00:16:17,119 --> 00:16:14,910
this information is really important

344
00:16:18,679 --> 00:16:17,129
because the folks who are working with

345
00:16:20,629 --> 00:16:18,689
the climate models they're able to take

346
00:16:24,379 --> 00:16:20,639
our data and actually incorporate into

347
00:16:27,319 --> 00:16:24,389
their models and you'll see in the later

348
00:16:28,730 --> 00:16:27,329
animation they're able to do the work

349
00:16:29,310 --> 00:16:28,740
that they they do and get that

350
00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:29,320
understand

351
00:16:37,020 --> 00:16:32,890
and trusts what we provide for them and

352
00:16:38,820 --> 00:16:37,030
and the other thing is also establishing

353
00:16:41,070 --> 00:16:38,830
this very important baseline for the

354
00:16:45,450 --> 00:16:41,080
first time with the precision that we

355
00:16:48,270 --> 00:16:45,460
need relative to the ground stations not

356
00:16:50,190 --> 00:16:48,280
only not only the coverage the spatial

357
00:16:54,900 --> 00:16:50,200
coverage that we see that we can already

358
00:16:56,490 --> 00:16:54,910
only get from space is important but we

359
00:16:59,280 --> 00:16:56,500
also need an instrument that is very

360
00:17:00,870 --> 00:16:59,290
precise because why all the carbon

361
00:17:04,770 --> 00:17:00,880
dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere

362
00:17:07,710 --> 00:17:04,780
are high there are big numbers we are

363
00:17:09,930 --> 00:17:07,720
trying to measure local variations and

364
00:17:12,120 --> 00:17:09,940
these are tiny numbers in comparison so

365
00:17:15,630 --> 00:17:12,130
these are very difficult measurements to

366
00:17:18,300 --> 00:17:15,640
make and we also need to be able to take

367
00:17:19,890 --> 00:17:18,310
these measurements for many years right

368
00:17:21,949 --> 00:17:19,900
so we can really understand what's going

369
00:17:26,670 --> 00:17:21,959
on despite the fact that these missions

370
00:17:30,180 --> 00:17:26,680
they only last some years right some

371
00:17:33,120 --> 00:17:30,190
years yes well already lasted a lot

372
00:17:34,620 --> 00:17:33,130
longer right what was the day initiation

373
00:17:36,270 --> 00:17:34,630
and we have one baseline but we can't

374
00:17:38,850 --> 00:17:36,280
assume that's gonna last forever so

375
00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:38,860
that's why when like you mentioned we

376
00:17:43,770 --> 00:17:40,810
having the flight spare now we have the

377
00:17:47,090 --> 00:17:43,780
twin sister up on the International

378
00:17:51,390 --> 00:17:47,100
Space Station that's a great transition

379
00:17:54,660 --> 00:17:51,400
so the why is important we've you've got

380
00:17:56,370 --> 00:17:54,670
OC o2 it's been up there for close to a

381
00:17:58,530 --> 00:17:56,380
little over five years and now you've

382
00:18:00,360 --> 00:17:58,540
got the twin sister and you sent the

383
00:18:02,550 --> 00:18:00,370
twin sister up to the to the

384
00:18:04,530 --> 00:18:02,560
International Space Station man talk to

385
00:18:06,060 --> 00:18:04,540
us a little bit about about Oh co 3 in

386
00:18:09,300 --> 00:18:06,070
the build and the design and all that

387
00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:09,310
great stuff sure sure so we really like

388
00:18:12,630 --> 00:18:11,290
the space station is a platform for the

389
00:18:15,180 --> 00:18:12,640
O CO 3 mission because offers us a

390
00:18:17,070 --> 00:18:15,190
number of advantages the first is that

391
00:18:18,750 --> 00:18:17,080
it's already a spacecraft that's built

392
00:18:21,210 --> 00:18:18,760
for us so I'm like ah no co2 where we

393
00:18:23,730 --> 00:18:21,220
had to go by a spacecraft and integrate

394
00:18:25,620 --> 00:18:23,740
our instrument into that the ISS is our

395
00:18:27,510 --> 00:18:25,630
spacecraft it was built for us with the

396
00:18:29,670 --> 00:18:27,520
intent of hosting external payloads that

397
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:29,680
can look at earth or can look out into

398
00:18:34,290 --> 00:18:31,410
space and do some scientific studies

399
00:18:36,540 --> 00:18:34,300
we're flying on the Japanese module of

400
00:18:38,430 --> 00:18:36,550
the space station and this called the

401
00:18:41,730 --> 00:18:38,440
Japanese experiment module external

402
00:18:43,230 --> 00:18:41,740
facility or Jimmy F and Jimmy F has a

403
00:18:44,669 --> 00:18:43,240
site specifically where you

404
00:18:46,380 --> 00:18:44,679
plug in your instrument and it gives you

405
00:18:47,549 --> 00:18:46,390
the power you need it has a data

406
00:18:49,049 --> 00:18:47,559
interface where you can send

407
00:18:51,060 --> 00:18:49,059
instructions to your instrument and you

408
00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:51,070
can get your science data back down it

409
00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:52,450
has a cooling system so it can help

410
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:54,250
remove the heat from your instrument so

411
00:18:57,330 --> 00:18:55,450
that you can stay up there and operate

412
00:18:58,530 --> 00:18:57,340
so it's built for that and as it wasn't

413
00:18:59,760 --> 00:18:58,540
one of the advantages that we had of

414
00:19:01,350 --> 00:18:59,770
both co3 that we didn't have to go out

415
00:19:02,790 --> 00:19:01,360
and buy or build a spacecraft for the

416
00:19:04,290 --> 00:19:02,800
mission you got to save some of that

417
00:19:07,140 --> 00:19:04,300
time and energy that would go towards

418
00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:07,150
those things you got the USB essentially

419
00:19:14,100 --> 00:19:12,400
on the back another advantage is we

420
00:19:15,870 --> 00:19:14,110
didn't have to go out and buy a rocket

421
00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:15,880
for this particular mission so the ISS

422
00:19:20,460 --> 00:19:19,210
is scheduling launches to the space

423
00:19:22,169 --> 00:19:20,470
station on a regular basis they're

424
00:19:23,970 --> 00:19:22,179
giving supplies for the astronauts

425
00:19:26,160 --> 00:19:23,980
experiments for the for the crew and

426
00:19:27,990 --> 00:19:26,170
then we we basically hitch a ride on one

427
00:19:29,460 --> 00:19:28,000
of those already pre scheduled launches

428
00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:29,470
and that's how we get up to the space

429
00:19:34,710 --> 00:19:32,160
station okay

430
00:19:36,030 --> 00:19:34,720
what are some of the advantages of so

431
00:19:38,490 --> 00:19:36,040
that's some of the advantages but

432
00:19:41,490 --> 00:19:38,500
science wise or working wise what why

433
00:19:44,010 --> 00:19:41,500
the ISS another good reason another

434
00:19:46,470 --> 00:19:44,020
advantage of ISS is that it's in a

435
00:19:50,190 --> 00:19:46,480
precessing orbit so what that means is

436
00:19:51,930 --> 00:19:50,200
that when it if it revisits a site on

437
00:19:53,850 --> 00:19:51,940
earth a common site it doesn't do it at

438
00:19:56,040 --> 00:19:53,860
the same time every day so sometimes it

439
00:19:58,020 --> 00:19:56,050
can arrive in the morning afternoon you

440
00:19:59,700 --> 00:19:58,030
know early evening and that gives us a

441
00:20:01,440 --> 00:19:59,710
chance to sample the state of carbon

442
00:20:03,630 --> 00:20:01,450
dioxide across the full daylight cycle

443
00:20:05,130 --> 00:20:03,640
in contrast Oh co2 is in a

444
00:20:06,960 --> 00:20:05,140
sun-synchronous orbit which means that

445
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:06,970
it is seeing the roughly same spot on

446
00:20:11,130 --> 00:20:09,010
earth at roughly the same time of day so

447
00:20:13,500 --> 00:20:11,140
now we get this new enhanced capability

448
00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:13,510
with OC o3 that we don't have a no co2

449
00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:16,210
the other enhancement we have is because

450
00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:18,970
oh co2 would point the instrument using

451
00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:23,050
the spacecraft we can't ask ISS 2.0 Co 3

452
00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:24,880
so we had to add a pointing mechanism to

453
00:20:29,070 --> 00:20:26,530
it and that pointing mechanism is very

454
00:20:31,049 --> 00:20:29,080
agile and it can allow us to scan large

455
00:20:33,810 --> 00:20:31,059
areas in a single pass so as an example

456
00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:33,820
o co2 takes multiple passes before it

457
00:20:38,850 --> 00:20:36,490
can scan the entire LA basin that takes

458
00:20:40,110 --> 00:20:38,860
multiple days to do o co 3 we can do it

459
00:20:41,700 --> 00:20:40,120
in a single pass and now you get a

460
00:20:43,620 --> 00:20:41,710
snapshot in time of what the carbon

461
00:20:46,530 --> 00:20:43,630
dioxide state is at any given time of

462
00:20:47,970 --> 00:20:46,540
the day so we could see what if it was

463
00:20:52,190 --> 00:20:47,980
going over right now we could see what's

464
00:20:54,950 --> 00:20:53,750
so it was a great question right now

465
00:20:57,020 --> 00:20:54,960
somebody could be watching it tomorrow

466
00:20:58,940 --> 00:20:57,030
during the day that's true if I wouldn't

467
00:21:00,620 --> 00:20:58,950
see it but that's it would see yes I

468
00:21:02,390 --> 00:21:00,630
actually like your question because one

469
00:21:03,590 --> 00:21:02,400
of the interesting facts about how we

470
00:21:05,390 --> 00:21:03,600
make that measurement it relies on

471
00:21:07,490 --> 00:21:05,400
reflected sunlight so the way we make

472
00:21:09,440 --> 00:21:07,500
the measurement is that the Sun shines

473
00:21:12,260 --> 00:21:09,450
down onto the earth and it reflects up

474
00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:12,270
into the instrument and we know what

475
00:21:16,700 --> 00:21:14,510
wavelengths of light that carbon dioxide

476
00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:16,710
absorbs so we call these absorption

477
00:21:20,510 --> 00:21:18,450
lines what we do is we look at these

478
00:21:21,230 --> 00:21:20,520
wavelengths of lights that are in the

479
00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:21,240
near-infrared

480
00:21:25,700 --> 00:21:23,490
and when we see the absence of that

481
00:21:27,049 --> 00:21:25,710
light in these very specific wavelengths

482
00:21:29,630 --> 00:21:27,059
that's how we know how many molecules

483
00:21:31,370 --> 00:21:29,640
are of carbon dioxide are there we can

484
00:21:33,380 --> 00:21:31,380
only do this during the daytime so oh Co

485
00:21:35,620 --> 00:21:33,390
3o co2 can only make these measurements

486
00:21:37,340 --> 00:21:35,630
in the daytime so that seems like

487
00:21:40,430 --> 00:21:37,350
calibrating something like this would be

488
00:21:42,110 --> 00:21:40,440
a little hard because you have to have

489
00:21:43,909 --> 00:21:42,120
the entire International Space Station

490
00:21:45,140 --> 00:21:43,919
kind of on your side or I mean you talk

491
00:21:48,169 --> 00:21:45,150
about calibration a little bit here of

492
00:21:51,310 --> 00:21:48,179
this one way that will show true and

493
00:21:55,789 --> 00:21:51,320
also tree are working together yeah is

494
00:21:59,870 --> 00:21:55,799
by help iesous to helping Osseo tree on

495
00:22:03,380 --> 00:21:59,880
its radiometric calibration why because

496
00:22:05,810 --> 00:22:03,390
differently from Oh co2 no co3 cannot

497
00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:05,820
look at the Sun because it's geometric

498
00:22:10,730 --> 00:22:07,650
constraints from being attached to

499
00:22:14,180 --> 00:22:10,740
International Space Station but why do

500
00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:14,190
we want to look at the Sun right so what

501
00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:15,840
like Matt was saying what these

502
00:22:19,909 --> 00:22:18,570
instruments measure is actually the

503
00:22:23,390 --> 00:22:19,919
amount of light that is hitting the

504
00:22:26,060 --> 00:22:23,400
detector and what they register is

505
00:22:29,450 --> 00:22:26,070
actually an integer number that we call

506
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:29,460
counts and that don't really have a

507
00:22:34,730 --> 00:22:32,250
physical meaning attached them just

508
00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:34,740
counts and it's up to us to give a

509
00:22:40,659 --> 00:22:38,610
meaning to this number and what we do we

510
00:22:43,340 --> 00:22:40,669
solve that through a process called

511
00:22:45,890 --> 00:22:43,350
radiometric calibration and what we do

512
00:22:47,870 --> 00:22:45,900
is we grab a source of light that we

513
00:22:50,390 --> 00:22:47,880
know very well we know how much light

514
00:22:55,070 --> 00:22:50,400
that source is outputting we know it's

515
00:22:57,440 --> 00:22:55,080
radiance and we we observe the source of

516
00:22:59,810 --> 00:22:57,450
light with our instrument and we compare

517
00:23:02,120 --> 00:22:59,820
the radiance from the source with the

518
00:23:05,120 --> 00:23:02,130
counts from the instrument and we

519
00:23:05,870 --> 00:23:05,130
derived these factors that allow us to

520
00:23:08,540 --> 00:23:05,880
transform

521
00:23:10,310 --> 00:23:08,550
from counts into radians thus giving

522
00:23:14,990 --> 00:23:10,320
meaning to the reading of the instrument

523
00:23:17,360 --> 00:23:15,000
and on-orbit one obvious choice of a

524
00:23:19,730 --> 00:23:17,370
source that we know very well is the Sun

525
00:23:22,760 --> 00:23:19,740
so lots of the instruments that orbit

526
00:23:27,290 --> 00:23:22,770
the earth calibrate themselves by

527
00:23:28,460 --> 00:23:27,300
looking at the Sun so that's one of the

528
00:23:30,740 --> 00:23:28,470
so one of the ways that they're working

529
00:23:33,160 --> 00:23:30,750
together is with alright so the point is

530
00:23:37,090 --> 00:23:33,170
with also - being able to have this

531
00:23:40,070 --> 00:23:37,100
precise calibration we are able to

532
00:23:41,870 --> 00:23:40,080
sometimes both of you to you know switch

533
00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:41,880
we are able to see the same place on the

534
00:23:46,130 --> 00:23:44,490
ground within a certain time span and

535
00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:46,140
then we can compare the outputs of the

536
00:23:49,940 --> 00:23:48,810
two instruments so these spacecraft are

537
00:23:51,890 --> 00:23:49,950
bringing they're sending all this data

538
00:23:57,650 --> 00:23:51,900
back Karen how would we be able to find

539
00:23:59,840 --> 00:23:57,660
and see this this data well now I'm

540
00:24:02,960 --> 00:23:59,850
gonna put on my captain do a little

541
00:24:04,430 --> 00:24:02,970
spiel for NASA so we actually archive

542
00:24:08,690 --> 00:24:04,440
all the day that it comes back so all

543
00:24:10,370 --> 00:24:08,700
the NASA missions actually bring the

544
00:24:12,020 --> 00:24:10,380
data back and they actually go into

545
00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:12,030
these libraries and then we call them

546
00:24:17,810 --> 00:24:16,170
the archives and this is something

547
00:24:20,480 --> 00:24:17,820
that's very valuable because this is

548
00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:20,490
taxpayer funded effort and all the data

549
00:24:26,330 --> 00:24:22,770
is publicly available so you would go to

550
00:24:28,510 --> 00:24:26,340
the docs and you can go in and you would

551
00:24:31,700 --> 00:24:28,520
be able to request data and be able to

552
00:24:35,270 --> 00:24:31,710
play with it and use it I am going to

553
00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:35,280
qualify that the the there are file

554
00:24:38,750 --> 00:24:36,540
formats that you have to know how to

555
00:24:41,900 --> 00:24:38,760
work with but we have people that can

556
00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:41,910
help folks with that but it's it's it's

557
00:24:48,440 --> 00:24:44,690
publicly available anyone can use it and

558
00:24:49,370 --> 00:24:48,450
they can do what they want and in fact

559
00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:49,380
that's something that we're actually

560
00:24:54,910 --> 00:24:52,050
looking forward to because you're

561
00:24:57,020 --> 00:24:54,920
talking about oco-2 and no co3

562
00:24:59,480 --> 00:24:57,030
we're waiting to release the us go

563
00:25:01,580 --> 00:24:59,490
through data but since i co - no co 3

564
00:25:03,890 --> 00:25:01,590
will be it's the same data sets will be

565
00:25:05,780 --> 00:25:03,900
using the same algorithm a lot of the

566
00:25:07,430 --> 00:25:05,790
users that's interested in the data we

567
00:25:09,410 --> 00:25:07,440
actually train them with the oco-2 data

568
00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:09,420
so they know how to use it and then when

569
00:25:11,570 --> 00:25:09,810
we

570
00:25:13,150 --> 00:25:11,580
release the oshio three data it's not

571
00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:13,160
going to be such a surprise for them

572
00:25:17,690 --> 00:25:15,810
this is everybody in this room can get

573
00:25:20,930 --> 00:25:17,700
this data today where they go to

574
00:25:23,330 --> 00:25:20,940
nasa.gov urge APL nasa.gov were well I

575
00:25:27,620 --> 00:25:23,340
would encourage them to go to for the

576
00:25:29,840 --> 00:25:27,630
moment it would be Oh co2 nasa.gov and

577
00:25:32,060 --> 00:25:29,850
if you go in there you would see our art

578
00:25:35,900 --> 00:25:32,070
we have some links that will take you

579
00:25:36,590 --> 00:25:35,910
there so co2 at JPL nasa.gov I'll say it

580
00:25:41,210 --> 00:25:36,600
one more time

581
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:41,220
Oh co2 at JPL NASA ah cool that's all

582
00:25:47,030 --> 00:25:44,250
this data is ours and it's not easy to

583
00:25:49,220 --> 00:25:47,040
get it there are a lot of risks that

584
00:25:50,930 --> 00:25:49,230
come with a mission like this as we saw

585
00:25:53,870 --> 00:25:50,940
from the very beginning there's a lot of

586
00:25:56,960 --> 00:25:53,880
hope there's a lot of perseverance that

587
00:25:58,820 --> 00:25:56,970
comes in missions like this what were

588
00:26:02,980 --> 00:25:58,830
some of these risks even here on the

589
00:26:07,550 --> 00:26:02,990
ground for something like this 30:12

590
00:26:11,330 --> 00:26:07,560
yeah so aside from the technical risks

591
00:26:14,390 --> 00:26:11,340
right so you know we're the space

592
00:26:16,940 --> 00:26:14,400
business is unforgiving there no

593
00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:16,950
guarantees right so it's all calculated

594
00:26:20,990 --> 00:26:19,050
risk especially when you're building one

595
00:26:25,430 --> 00:26:21,000
of a kind which is what we did with

596
00:26:27,740 --> 00:26:25,440
yellow cocl2 and no co3 but it's not

597
00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:27,750
just all technical challenges and we had

598
00:26:35,540 --> 00:26:30,210
a couple of programmatic challenges on

599
00:26:39,140 --> 00:26:35,550
OSI o3 we survived not one but two

600
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:39,150
threats of cancellation and that was a

601
00:26:42,290 --> 00:26:41,010
significant challenge and trying to keep

602
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:42,300
the team together and keep them

603
00:26:47,030 --> 00:26:45,210
motivated and making sure that we were

604
00:26:50,990 --> 00:26:47,040
all still working towards a common goal

605
00:26:54,230 --> 00:26:51,000
and we trusted and the nation's

606
00:26:57,410 --> 00:26:54,240
appropriations process to come through

607
00:27:01,250 --> 00:26:57,420
for us and and it did we eventually got

608
00:27:06,380 --> 00:27:01,260
reinstated funded and we launched o co 3

609
00:27:07,820 --> 00:27:06,390
on the 4th of May of this year so we've

610
00:27:11,180 --> 00:27:07,830
had a lot of challenges along the way

611
00:27:13,670 --> 00:27:11,190
and a lot of obstacles to overcome but

612
00:27:15,530 --> 00:27:13,680
we've had a great team and you know

613
00:27:17,810 --> 00:27:15,540
that's one of the greatest privileges I

614
00:27:20,180 --> 00:27:17,820
think in working here at JPL is working

615
00:27:22,610 --> 00:27:20,190
with a talented group of individuals

616
00:27:23,810 --> 00:27:22,620
working together as a team working

617
00:27:27,289 --> 00:27:23,820
towards a common

618
00:27:30,590 --> 00:27:27,299
and for me that that's been a fantastic

619
00:27:33,110 --> 00:27:30,600
experience overall and maybe to tag on

620
00:27:36,500 --> 00:27:33,120
to what Karen was saying in Graziella

621
00:27:40,180 --> 00:27:36,510
with the science data records science

622
00:27:43,669 --> 00:27:40,190
data product to low co2 and OC o3

623
00:27:46,789 --> 00:27:43,679
they're great on their own but we're

624
00:27:48,590 --> 00:27:46,799
gonna have even greater synergy with

625
00:27:51,830 --> 00:27:48,600
other measurements that are being made

626
00:27:53,539 --> 00:27:51,840
on the international space station there

627
00:27:56,210 --> 00:27:53,549
are two other NASA instruments that are

628
00:28:00,580 --> 00:27:56,220
flying right now what a mom is called

629
00:28:03,409 --> 00:28:00,590
eco stress so that's the ecosystem

630
00:28:06,019 --> 00:28:03,419
spaceborne thermal radiometer experience

631
00:28:09,019 --> 00:28:06,029
experiment on the space station is

632
00:28:10,970 --> 00:28:09,029
another one like I don't know rip that

633
00:28:12,860 --> 00:28:10,980
off that's a hard acronym man there's

634
00:28:14,510 --> 00:28:12,870
another one that's also flying at the

635
00:28:18,139 --> 00:28:14,520
Japanese experiment module

636
00:28:22,070 --> 00:28:18,149
it's called Jedi and so that's the

637
00:28:25,220 --> 00:28:22,080
global ecosystem was that dynamics

638
00:28:28,730 --> 00:28:25,230
investigation lidar system so Eco stress

639
00:28:32,120 --> 00:28:28,740
gives us evapotranspiration Jedi

640
00:28:35,930 --> 00:28:32,130
provides us biomass information so the

641
00:28:38,419 --> 00:28:35,940
one thing that we developed on the oco-2

642
00:28:40,610 --> 00:28:38,429
mission was actually a bonus data

643
00:28:43,630 --> 00:28:40,620
product called solar induced

644
00:28:46,580 --> 00:28:43,640
fluorescence so we all know that plants

645
00:28:52,100 --> 00:28:46,590
grow but not in Veni of us know that

646
00:28:54,019 --> 00:28:52,110
plants oil and so one of our wavelengths

647
00:28:55,730 --> 00:28:54,029
of the three wavelengths on the the

648
00:28:59,060 --> 00:28:55,740
instrument we can actually see these

649
00:29:00,970 --> 00:28:59,070
plants glowing from space and so that

650
00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:00,980
glow is basically a measure of the

651
00:29:06,260 --> 00:29:03,210
photosynthesis efficiency of the plants

652
00:29:08,149 --> 00:29:06,270
which is a measure of the health so it

653
00:29:11,060 --> 00:29:08,159
provides us an indicator kind of a

654
00:29:13,279 --> 00:29:11,070
leading indicator of plant stress and so

655
00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:13,289
we could use our stiff measurements from

656
00:29:19,880 --> 00:29:17,760
oco-2 no co3 and try to correlate them

657
00:29:22,639 --> 00:29:19,890
with the evapotranspiration measurements

658
00:29:25,730 --> 00:29:22,649
from eco stress and also from the

659
00:29:28,399 --> 00:29:25,740
biomass measurements from Jedi so those

660
00:29:31,310 --> 00:29:28,409
are just some of the you know few things

661
00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:31,320
that can come together and really make

662
00:29:35,919 --> 00:29:34,320
this a boon for the science community

663
00:29:38,460 --> 00:29:35,929
and also the data application

664
00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:38,470
community like remember Karen and I

665
00:29:44,889 --> 00:29:42,610
walked through some cornfields in Iowa

666
00:29:47,590 --> 00:29:44,899
trying to figure out if there was any

667
00:29:49,539 --> 00:29:47,600
kind of a partnership arrangement with

668
00:29:52,109 --> 00:29:49,549
the US Department of Agriculture right

669
00:29:56,350 --> 00:29:52,119
so the Agricultural Research Service and

670
00:30:00,159 --> 00:29:56,360
that was a great experience for us to be

671
00:30:02,830 --> 00:30:00,169
able to understand how we not just JPL

672
00:30:04,629 --> 00:30:02,840
you know and our missions but NASA can

673
00:30:08,169 --> 00:30:04,639
contribute to the success of another

674
00:30:14,169 --> 00:30:08,179
agency and eventually their partnership

675
00:30:17,889 --> 00:30:14,179
can flow down and benefit farmers people

676
00:30:19,980 --> 00:30:17,899
that are looking out for us people that

677
00:30:23,200 --> 00:30:19,990
are interested in food security topics

678
00:30:25,359 --> 00:30:23,210
so I mentioned earlier that you have to

679
00:30:27,759 --> 00:30:25,369
find something that you truly believe in

680
00:30:29,889 --> 00:30:27,769
it was something that inspires you

681
00:30:31,539 --> 00:30:29,899
something that wakes you up in the

682
00:30:33,730 --> 00:30:31,549
morning it says you know I got to get

683
00:30:36,369 --> 00:30:33,740
into work because I've got to put in a

684
00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:36,379
good day and I have to contribute to the

685
00:30:41,830 --> 00:30:38,690
success as part of a member of a larger

686
00:30:42,070 --> 00:30:41,840
team I mean that's what really motivates

687
00:30:46,629 --> 00:30:42,080
me

688
00:30:49,680 --> 00:30:46,639
it's OC o2 and O co 3 are just just

689
00:30:51,850 --> 00:30:49,690
small pieces you know of greater puzzle

690
00:30:53,259 --> 00:30:51,860
something I have appreciated about

691
00:30:56,019 --> 00:30:53,269
getting to know all of you putting this

692
00:30:57,430 --> 00:30:56,029
together has been not just the teamwork

693
00:30:59,200 --> 00:30:57,440
and the care that you all have for each

694
00:31:01,869 --> 00:30:59,210
other but exactly that we're here

695
00:31:04,810 --> 00:31:01,879
talking about your mission and you want

696
00:31:07,389 --> 00:31:04,820
to talk about everybody's mission and

697
00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:07,399
this I mean this is what it's all about

698
00:31:13,299 --> 00:31:11,210
it's a part of a bigger team not to

699
00:31:15,639 --> 00:31:13,309
sidetrack but if we did do a lecture on

700
00:31:16,899 --> 00:31:15,649
eco stress it's on our website so you

701
00:31:19,180 --> 00:31:16,909
can find that one back if you want more

702
00:31:20,799 --> 00:31:19,190
information about that but the way that

703
00:31:22,299 --> 00:31:20,809
these really all piece together

704
00:31:25,419 --> 00:31:22,309
it is answering some of the bigger

705
00:31:28,330 --> 00:31:25,429
questions rather than it's one data set

706
00:31:30,669 --> 00:31:28,340
for a bigger question right now I don't

707
00:31:32,769 --> 00:31:30,679
know if Erin Karen wants to tag on to

708
00:31:36,399 --> 00:31:32,779
that but you know these are all part and

709
00:31:39,609 --> 00:31:36,409
parcel to us understanding these

710
00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:39,619
different processes and how it'll

711
00:31:45,190 --> 00:31:41,840
influence climate change in the future

712
00:31:47,500 --> 00:31:45,200
and it's a unique opportunity because

713
00:31:50,649 --> 00:31:47,510
if you think about me was designed that

714
00:31:52,990 --> 00:31:50,659
way right and the experiment module

715
00:31:55,930 --> 00:31:53,000
allows different instruments to

716
00:31:58,600 --> 00:31:55,940
basically do what we call almost

717
00:31:59,889 --> 00:31:58,610
coincident measurements because that's a

718
00:32:01,509 --> 00:31:59,899
something that we worry about in

719
00:32:03,190 --> 00:32:01,519
Sciences when you start combining

720
00:32:05,500 --> 00:32:03,200
datasets or even if you're just looking

721
00:32:07,299 --> 00:32:05,510
on its own everyone's thinking where are

722
00:32:09,159 --> 00:32:07,309
you looking at what's the time of day

723
00:32:10,990 --> 00:32:09,169
and you want to start combining the data

724
00:32:12,310 --> 00:32:11,000
that's something that's really important

725
00:32:14,110 --> 00:32:12,320
and you can ask any of the modelers

726
00:32:17,350 --> 00:32:14,120
they're gonna go there's like oh can I

727
00:32:19,990 --> 00:32:17,360
use it this is right and when you pretty

728
00:32:23,259 --> 00:32:20,000
much give them the measurements package

729
00:32:25,480 --> 00:32:23,269
in a way that they say oh okay this part

730
00:32:27,430 --> 00:32:25,490
is already good I know that so how can I

731
00:32:29,500 --> 00:32:27,440
work with it there's just a confidence

732
00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:29,510
level that that's really important and

733
00:32:33,789 --> 00:32:32,090
in fact in a few weeks there's a really

734
00:32:37,450 --> 00:32:33,799
large science conference it's called the

735
00:32:40,060 --> 00:32:37,460
American Geophysical Union and Osio to

736
00:32:41,860 --> 00:32:40,070
know co3 we're putting together workshop

737
00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:41,870
and we actually invite our colleagues

738
00:32:46,570 --> 00:32:43,370
from eco stress to participate with us

739
00:32:48,039 --> 00:32:46,580
and we're actually looking at how we can

740
00:32:50,350 --> 00:32:48,049
look at the data together what makes

741
00:32:52,330 --> 00:32:50,360
sense what doesn't make sense and this

742
00:32:55,960 --> 00:32:52,340
is going back to what I said you know by

743
00:32:57,580 --> 00:32:55,970
looking at what they can together when

744
00:33:01,389 --> 00:32:57,590
we do the training when we teach people

745
00:33:03,460 --> 00:33:01,399
how to use the oco-2 sift data when

746
00:33:05,669 --> 00:33:03,470
they're ready they'll be know how to use

747
00:33:08,110 --> 00:33:05,679
the O Co 3 data and they'll be ready to

748
00:33:09,430 --> 00:33:08,120
explore how else to use the other day

749
00:33:12,029 --> 00:33:09,440
they're either from eco stress or

750
00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:12,039
eventually maybe even Jedi because

751
00:33:15,759 --> 00:33:14,000
jedaiah doesn't have what we call a

752
00:33:20,379 --> 00:33:15,769
temporal aspect because they're actually

753
00:33:22,210 --> 00:33:20,389
putting together a biomass map at a very

754
00:33:24,039 --> 00:33:22,220
high resolution at one kilometer and

755
00:33:26,080 --> 00:33:24,049
there really isn't much change we think

756
00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:26,090
over the force in the course of a year

757
00:33:31,120 --> 00:33:29,210
but we don't have a baseline like that

758
00:33:34,060 --> 00:33:31,130
so going back Oh see Oh to set that

759
00:33:36,610 --> 00:33:34,070
baseline Oh co3 will continue it eco

760
00:33:38,649 --> 00:33:36,620
stress is providing that temperature

761
00:33:40,509 --> 00:33:38,659
data to look at the pant plant stress

762
00:33:43,870 --> 00:33:40,519
and then Jedi were being able to form

763
00:33:46,299 --> 00:33:43,880
the the biomass image I'm sorry the

764
00:33:48,250 --> 00:33:46,309
biomass maps that we need just being

765
00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:48,260
able to look at all that together folks

766
00:33:51,790 --> 00:33:49,760
that are studying biodiversity and

767
00:33:54,130 --> 00:33:51,800
ecosystems this is really a job

768
00:33:56,230 --> 00:33:54,140
for them and you're also what you talk

769
00:33:58,150 --> 00:33:56,240
about with getting the information out

770
00:33:59,920 --> 00:33:58,160
there but teaching but you're creating

771
00:34:01,960 --> 00:33:59,930
earth science literacy you're trying to

772
00:34:03,160 --> 00:34:01,970
get people who are know what they're

773
00:34:05,110 --> 00:34:03,170
looking at rather than what the

774
00:34:06,220 --> 00:34:05,120
scientists and also for the public

775
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:06,230
because there's always a general

776
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:08,570
assumption that folks oh they'll just

777
00:34:11,889 --> 00:34:10,370
know how to use the data and that's not

778
00:34:13,300 --> 00:34:11,899
true cuz not everyone's trained to work

779
00:34:14,710 --> 00:34:13,310
with maraud sensing data you can have a

780
00:34:16,180 --> 00:34:14,720
PhD and you don't know how to work with

781
00:34:17,950 --> 00:34:16,190
our data but it does it but you don't

782
00:34:20,950 --> 00:34:17,960
need a PhD to work with our data and

783
00:34:22,810 --> 00:34:20,960
it's just knowing what to do and then

784
00:34:26,889 --> 00:34:22,820
going forward and as I like to say play

785
00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:26,899
with the data know speaking of playing

786
00:34:30,130 --> 00:34:29,090
mat some of these photos and videos it

787
00:34:34,270 --> 00:34:30,140
looks like you're having a lot of fun

788
00:34:37,630 --> 00:34:34,280
building the spacecraft obviously it was

789
00:34:41,889 --> 00:34:37,640
something you enjoyed it didn't go this

790
00:34:44,230 --> 00:34:41,899
fast what were some of the some of the I

791
00:34:45,490 --> 00:34:44,240
guess the risks of the of the full

792
00:34:48,100 --> 00:34:45,500
assembly were talked about technical a

793
00:34:49,930 --> 00:34:48,110
little bit was was it smooth besides the

794
00:34:51,430 --> 00:34:49,940
the kind of delays where the smooth

795
00:34:53,649 --> 00:34:51,440
process yeah overall I think it was

796
00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:53,659
smooth one of you were asking about

797
00:34:57,370 --> 00:34:55,610
risks and one of the early risks very

798
00:34:58,480 --> 00:34:57,380
low likelihood that this was going to be

799
00:35:00,130 --> 00:34:58,490
a problem with something we worried

800
00:35:02,710 --> 00:35:00,140
about was that we were inheriting this

801
00:35:04,360 --> 00:35:02,720
twin sister instrument from oco-2 it had

802
00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:04,370
been a storage container for over three

803
00:35:07,600 --> 00:35:06,170
years so we were really anxious to find

804
00:35:10,300 --> 00:35:07,610
out how well was this isn't gonna work

805
00:35:12,010 --> 00:35:10,310
when we pulled it out of that giant bin

806
00:35:13,570 --> 00:35:12,020
in the high bay and we were really

807
00:35:15,220 --> 00:35:13,580
pleased when we put it into thermal

808
00:35:16,390 --> 00:35:15,230
vacuum and we started doing performance

809
00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:16,400
testing on it we're seeing that it was

810
00:35:19,990 --> 00:35:17,690
functioning really well so that was a

811
00:35:22,420 --> 00:35:20,000
risk we were really happy to retire

812
00:35:25,510 --> 00:35:22,430
another risk I think you have a picture

813
00:35:30,010 --> 00:35:25,520
of it up here Brian from the vibration

814
00:35:35,770 --> 00:35:30,020
test once again lots of pictures of the

815
00:35:41,830 --> 00:35:35,780
team here did I go past it we're great

816
00:35:43,480 --> 00:35:41,840
again yes so this was another of course

817
00:35:44,980 --> 00:35:43,490
scary tests even though we done all the

818
00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:44,990
analysis to prove that this was going to

819
00:35:47,980 --> 00:35:46,850
work so when we fly on a rocket we have

820
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:47,990
to prove that the instruments going to

821
00:35:52,510 --> 00:35:50,570
survive that launch and so we put it on

822
00:35:53,920 --> 00:35:52,520
a table that shakes the instrument as if

823
00:35:55,480 --> 00:35:53,930
it's going to be shaken on the rocket we

824
00:35:58,090 --> 00:35:55,490
call it a random vibration test and so

825
00:36:00,220 --> 00:35:58,100
this is a picture of that test when we

826
00:36:03,730 --> 00:36:00,230
did it so one of my favorite stories

827
00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:03,740
from this test was that if you see that

828
00:36:07,930 --> 00:36:05,410
long bar that's

829
00:36:10,029 --> 00:36:07,940
horizontally from left to right that was

830
00:36:12,309 --> 00:36:10,039
a late design edition that we found out

831
00:36:14,559 --> 00:36:12,319
we need it in order to survive our ride

832
00:36:16,359 --> 00:36:14,569
on the rocket and the way that that

833
00:36:18,279 --> 00:36:16,369
thing works is it's compliant it's like

834
00:36:19,900 --> 00:36:18,289
a aircraft wing when you fly you can see

835
00:36:21,519 --> 00:36:19,910
our country that thing is supposed to

836
00:36:22,870 --> 00:36:21,529
bend in order to take some of the loads

837
00:36:24,519 --> 00:36:22,880
from the rocket and reduce the

838
00:36:26,559 --> 00:36:24,529
punishment on our sensitive optics

839
00:36:28,870 --> 00:36:26,569
inside the instrument and so I was

840
00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:28,880
present for that test and I can't tell

841
00:36:32,500 --> 00:36:30,410
you that was the scariest test I've ever

842
00:36:35,200 --> 00:36:32,510
observed in my life because her seeing

843
00:36:37,059 --> 00:36:35,210
our instrument our baby being shaken

844
00:36:38,559 --> 00:36:37,069
very hard you're seeing this thing Bend

845
00:36:42,490 --> 00:36:38,569
and you know that it's supposed to but

846
00:36:43,839 --> 00:36:42,500
it's still scarce and when we got out of

847
00:36:44,980 --> 00:36:43,849
that test and then we tested the

848
00:36:46,900 --> 00:36:44,990
instrument and proved that everything

849
00:36:49,120 --> 00:36:46,910
was working fine that was a huge relief

850
00:36:50,500 --> 00:36:49,130
so that was a retirement of again a very

851
00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:50,510
low likelihood risk that we had done

852
00:36:55,150 --> 00:36:51,770
something wrong but it felt good to get

853
00:36:56,620 --> 00:36:55,160
past that milestone I this a common term

854
00:36:58,150 --> 00:36:56,630
you're saying a retirement of risk

855
00:36:59,529 --> 00:36:58,160
you've used the word retirement that way

856
00:37:01,000 --> 00:36:59,539
and I've never heard of use that way

857
00:37:03,670 --> 00:37:01,010
it's I'm gonna start using it in my

858
00:37:10,900 --> 00:37:03,680
everyday life that was a retirement of

859
00:37:12,910 --> 00:37:10,910
risk after that one okay well that you

860
00:37:16,089 --> 00:37:12,920
talked about these these delays and

861
00:37:17,620 --> 00:37:16,099
these lessons this is something I've

862
00:37:20,289 --> 00:37:17,630
noticed with your team a lot issues

863
00:37:20,829 --> 00:37:20,299
share with each other too nobody ever

864
00:37:22,930 --> 00:37:20,839
takes them

865
00:37:24,069 --> 00:37:22,940
everybody takes their own blame not

866
00:37:27,059 --> 00:37:24,079
takes their blame everybody's

867
00:37:31,690 --> 00:37:27,069
accountable and this team in particular

868
00:37:35,289 --> 00:37:31,700
and Ralph we talked about how there are

869
00:37:37,210 --> 00:37:35,299
few people on this planet that have

870
00:37:38,589 --> 00:37:37,220
experienced what you have I think you

871
00:37:43,059 --> 00:37:38,599
could count on a couple hands of people

872
00:37:44,740 --> 00:37:43,069
who've had that moment and this goes for

873
00:37:45,910 --> 00:37:44,750
everybody though if there's lessons or

874
00:37:48,190 --> 00:37:45,920
something that you could share there's

875
00:37:49,599 --> 00:37:48,200
some younger budding engineers and

876
00:37:51,670 --> 00:37:49,609
scientists in here but also people

877
00:37:53,920 --> 00:37:51,680
who've been here for 30 years if there's

878
00:37:56,470 --> 00:37:53,930
any advice or lessons that you probably

879
00:38:00,400 --> 00:37:56,480
that you have learned from these

880
00:38:03,940 --> 00:38:00,410
experiences so I mentioned it before

881
00:38:06,099 --> 00:38:03,950
that space business is unforgiving that

882
00:38:08,710 --> 00:38:06,109
it's there are no guarantees

883
00:38:10,299 --> 00:38:08,720
everything's calculated risk so I always

884
00:38:13,089 --> 00:38:10,309
say that your project management it's

885
00:38:17,450 --> 00:38:13,099
just risk management yeah that's what it

886
00:38:20,569 --> 00:38:17,460
is for me and so the thing is that

887
00:38:24,109 --> 00:38:20,579
you can put together a perfect plan but

888
00:38:26,720 --> 00:38:24,119
how many perfect plans get executed you

889
00:38:28,970 --> 00:38:26,730
know the way it was intended to so

890
00:38:32,900 --> 00:38:28,980
there's a famous person out there that

891
00:38:35,839 --> 00:38:32,910
said everyone has a plan until they get

892
00:38:39,020 --> 00:38:35,849
punched in the face so so that was Mike

893
00:38:42,069 --> 00:38:39,030
Tyson the champion boxer but he was

894
00:38:45,710 --> 00:38:42,079
actually profound because you have to

895
00:38:47,240 --> 00:38:45,720
understand that all the best laid plans

896
00:38:49,400 --> 00:38:47,250
could be for naught so you have to

897
00:38:52,460 --> 00:38:49,410
develop contingencies or off ramps

898
00:38:54,079 --> 00:38:52,470
because for us on OC o3d we didn't get

899
00:38:56,630 --> 00:38:54,089
punched in the face once we got punched

900
00:38:59,120 --> 00:38:56,640
in the face twice right with two threats

901
00:39:01,130 --> 00:38:59,130
of cancellation but it's being able to

902
00:39:04,370 --> 00:39:01,140
make sure that you've got the the

903
00:39:06,049 --> 00:39:04,380
resiliency yeah to understand that you

904
00:39:09,740 --> 00:39:06,059
know this happens I think after our

905
00:39:11,510 --> 00:39:09,750
second cancellation we we figured out

906
00:39:14,329 --> 00:39:11,520
how to do this the first time it would

907
00:39:16,400 --> 00:39:14,339
just let it roll off our back but you

908
00:39:18,260 --> 00:39:16,410
know that you mentioned that something

909
00:39:21,589 --> 00:39:18,270
about the team I think it was it all

910
00:39:23,720 --> 00:39:21,599
starts with mutual respect and having a

911
00:39:25,670 --> 00:39:23,730
commitment to the mission and also being

912
00:39:28,760 --> 00:39:25,680
committed to to each other

913
00:39:32,210 --> 00:39:28,770
and holding each other accountable you

914
00:39:35,270 --> 00:39:32,220
know and I don't think I'm setting foot

915
00:39:36,980 --> 00:39:35,280
in any meeting where we were stepping on

916
00:39:39,740 --> 00:39:36,990
each other on conversations or

917
00:39:42,440 --> 00:39:39,750
discussions everyone had an equal voice

918
00:39:44,839 --> 00:39:42,450
and I think everyone felt that they

919
00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:44,849
could be heard and in the end we all

920
00:39:51,980 --> 00:39:47,760
made a decision that was right for the

921
00:39:54,079 --> 00:39:51,990
project and so that was great and those

922
00:39:56,660 --> 00:39:54,089
are the moments I live for all right

923
00:39:58,099 --> 00:39:56,670
many of us here at JPL we're not here to

924
00:39:59,750 --> 00:39:58,109
be billionaires or anything like that

925
00:40:02,900 --> 00:39:59,760
we're here to contribute to the success

926
00:40:05,450 --> 00:40:02,910
of a project or mission the institution

927
00:40:08,289 --> 00:40:05,460
NASA and to provide a value to the

928
00:40:11,930 --> 00:40:08,299
American taxpayer the world at large and

929
00:40:13,849 --> 00:40:11,940
being able to work on a team has really

930
00:40:16,430 --> 00:40:13,859
been at those are the most precious

931
00:40:19,670 --> 00:40:16,440
moments for me to be able to reflect

932
00:40:22,849 --> 00:40:19,680
back on the dozen missions I've worked

933
00:40:24,950 --> 00:40:22,859
on by 30 years here at JPL those are the

934
00:40:26,960 --> 00:40:24,960
special things that I remember you know

935
00:40:28,940 --> 00:40:26,970
being able to you can see people

936
00:40:31,250 --> 00:40:28,950
finishing each other's sentences

937
00:40:34,490 --> 00:40:31,260
or you know what the left hand is doing

938
00:40:37,310 --> 00:40:34,500
you know and it's it's really those kind

939
00:40:39,620 --> 00:40:37,320
of special moments are I think it's

940
00:40:41,870 --> 00:40:39,630
really part and parcel to being here JPL

941
00:40:46,100 --> 00:40:41,880
is a special place and the people that

942
00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:46,110
work here are special I don't even work

943
00:40:51,280 --> 00:40:48,770
for you but you always make me good

944
00:40:53,540 --> 00:40:51,290
let's go

945
00:40:55,490 --> 00:40:53,550
what are what are some other lessons

946
00:40:57,230 --> 00:40:55,500
that we anybody was making on the that's

947
00:40:59,570 --> 00:40:57,240
what some something that a big thing

948
00:41:03,620 --> 00:40:59,580
that you learned on this one well mine

949
00:41:05,180 --> 00:41:03,630
is not exactly comparable to his because

950
00:41:09,500 --> 00:41:05,190
I have been working on this team for

951
00:41:13,460 --> 00:41:09,510
only one year but the story I have to

952
00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:13,470
tell and was stressful for me and and

953
00:41:24,740 --> 00:41:18,450
taught me something was the tale of the

954
00:41:27,950 --> 00:41:24,750
brightening lamps so also tree carries

955
00:41:31,850 --> 00:41:27,960
onboard calibrators lamps that we know

956
00:41:33,710 --> 00:41:31,860
very well and we observe if we look at

957
00:41:37,100 --> 00:41:33,720
them in order to figure out if our

958
00:41:38,930 --> 00:41:37,110
instrument changed in any way right so

959
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:38,940
you can imagine how important it is that

960
00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:41,010
our lamps are very stable because we

961
00:41:46,670 --> 00:41:44,370
need to know if when we look at them did

962
00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:46,680
they change did our an instrument change

963
00:41:52,250 --> 00:41:48,210
we need to be able to sell so we need

964
00:41:54,710 --> 00:41:52,260
them to be stable and I wrote a lot of

965
00:41:57,110 --> 00:41:54,720
the pipeline that processes that data I

966
00:41:59,540 --> 00:41:57,120
spent months writing it and I was very

967
00:42:01,280 --> 00:41:59,550
excited after first light to have

968
00:42:04,640 --> 00:42:01,290
finally have data to put through the

969
00:42:07,780 --> 00:42:04,650
pipes and look at the results and when I

970
00:42:11,660 --> 00:42:07,790
look at the results we are registering

971
00:42:14,450 --> 00:42:11,670
radiances that are 15% higher than we

972
00:42:18,320 --> 00:42:14,460
were seeing in pre-launch which is very

973
00:42:20,840 --> 00:42:18,330
unexpected and we were super puzzled and

974
00:42:23,930 --> 00:42:20,850
we could think of three options that

975
00:42:26,030 --> 00:42:23,940
would explain that first one the lamps

976
00:42:29,540 --> 00:42:26,040
actually brightened which isn't great

977
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:29,550
right we need them to be stable the

978
00:42:34,010 --> 00:42:32,010
second one is the lamps did not brighten

979
00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:34,020
but the instrument became more sensitive

980
00:42:39,380 --> 00:42:36,930
that would be a big jump in sensitivity

981
00:42:42,190 --> 00:42:39,390
but that's not a problem that's what our

982
00:42:43,720 --> 00:42:42,200
calibration is for the the reason

983
00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:43,730
our calibration is to account for

984
00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:45,290
changes in the sensitivity of the

985
00:42:50,710 --> 00:42:47,530
instrument so that wouldn't be a problem

986
00:42:53,410 --> 00:42:50,720
the third one and which was the first

987
00:42:58,210 --> 00:42:53,420
one I thought of was I must have done

988
00:42:59,920 --> 00:42:58,220
something wrong and back then we didn't

989
00:43:02,770 --> 00:42:59,930
have a lot of data to actually tell

990
00:43:04,450 --> 00:43:02,780
which one of the three it was and we

991
00:43:07,990 --> 00:43:04,460
were having trouble with data corruption

992
00:43:10,690 --> 00:43:08,000
so it was very possible that it wasn't

993
00:43:13,540 --> 00:43:10,700
going well with the pipeline my dad

994
00:43:17,950 --> 00:43:13,550
those few values and stuff that we had

995
00:43:21,339 --> 00:43:17,960
to take take into consideration so what

996
00:43:24,760 --> 00:43:21,349
I did was to obsess for weeks about

997
00:43:27,040 --> 00:43:24,770
finding the bug I even had a dream was

998
00:43:29,380 --> 00:43:27,050
that I knew where the bug was and I woke

999
00:43:33,220 --> 00:43:29,390
up in the middle of the night thought

1000
00:43:35,950 --> 00:43:33,230
JPL's VPN to be able to connect and went

1001
00:43:40,349 --> 00:43:35,960
to the cold and rewrote pile of it and

1002
00:43:47,440 --> 00:43:43,990
ok so eventually we got enough data and

1003
00:43:49,359 --> 00:43:47,450
we figure out it was in a bug because we

1004
00:43:51,490 --> 00:43:49,369
were seeing other behaviors that I

1005
00:43:55,000 --> 00:43:51,500
couldn't possibly have created by myself

1006
00:43:56,710 --> 00:43:55,010
if a bug and and we also found other

1007
00:44:01,300 --> 00:43:56,720
evidence that the labs had indeed

1008
00:44:04,059 --> 00:44:01,310
brightened so we had to invent a

1009
00:44:06,940 --> 00:44:04,069
workaround and we did but what I learned

1010
00:44:09,250 --> 00:44:06,950
from this experience is that this work

1011
00:44:12,220 --> 00:44:09,260
that we do for these missions it's very

1012
00:44:13,960 --> 00:44:12,230
complex and it's very prone to mistakes

1013
00:44:17,620 --> 00:44:13,970
there are a lot of places where a

1014
00:44:20,170 --> 00:44:17,630
mistake can be hidden and you're forced

1015
00:44:23,680 --> 00:44:20,180
to work very carefully and check your

1016
00:44:25,750 --> 00:44:23,690
work many many many times even if it's

1017
00:44:29,470 --> 00:44:25,760
true Indian find out that you did not

1018
00:44:31,900 --> 00:44:29,480
make a mistake but this gold stuff maybe

1019
00:44:33,940 --> 00:44:31,910
you made a mistake it's constantly

1020
00:44:38,680 --> 00:44:33,950
walking with you and you have to learn

1021
00:44:41,710 --> 00:44:38,690
to accept its presence there live with

1022
00:44:43,839 --> 00:44:41,720
the ghost that's advice maybe it's a bug

1023
00:44:47,620 --> 00:44:43,849
maybe it's a bug maybe you did it but

1024
00:44:49,660 --> 00:44:47,630
also you you were owning that - that

1025
00:44:51,640 --> 00:44:49,670
that could it be a possible as I imagine

1026
00:44:52,910 --> 00:44:51,650
nobody wants to make a mistake right

1027
00:44:55,190 --> 00:44:52,920
especially if it

1028
00:44:57,020 --> 00:44:55,200
it's the work of other people imagine

1029
00:44:58,460 --> 00:44:57,030
you stand there and you tell people

1030
00:45:00,260 --> 00:44:58,470
where all the lamps are bright and then

1031
00:45:01,630 --> 00:45:00,270
you find out it's a bug so that's

1032
00:45:04,280 --> 00:45:01,640
different right

1033
00:45:10,550 --> 00:45:04,290
I'm glad you did I'm sorry about the

1034
00:45:11,870 --> 00:45:10,560
dream we're kind of closing up on what

1035
00:45:14,500 --> 00:45:11,880
we're gonna then we're gonna open up for

1036
00:45:16,580 --> 00:45:14,510
some questions here in the audience

1037
00:45:18,320 --> 00:45:16,590
while we're kind of showing these final

1038
00:45:20,750 --> 00:45:18,330
images behind behind you while you're

1039
00:45:22,670 --> 00:45:20,760
talking you're seeing the the kind of

1040
00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:22,680
final end of when it gets to the

1041
00:45:28,220 --> 00:45:24,090
International Space Station and all

1042
00:45:30,500 --> 00:45:28,230
those cool moments you you feel like a

1043
00:45:31,700 --> 00:45:30,510
family you feel like a positive group no

1044
00:45:38,030 --> 00:45:31,710
matter whether you've been here a year

1045
00:45:39,950 --> 00:45:38,040
or longer than that what I mean

1046
00:45:44,060 --> 00:45:39,960
Ralph you talk about your pride in this

1047
00:45:46,970 --> 00:45:44,070
and your pride and in the project but

1048
00:45:49,520 --> 00:45:46,980
also the work we do here at JPL

1049
00:45:51,200 --> 00:45:49,530
what is everybody most proud of with

1050
00:45:53,780 --> 00:45:51,210
this mission as we kind of see these

1051
00:45:58,010 --> 00:45:53,790
images of this hovering over that our

1052
00:46:00,290 --> 00:45:58,020
planet like this hovering over home you

1053
00:46:03,290 --> 00:46:00,300
have to pride in the mission because of

1054
00:46:06,860 --> 00:46:03,300
I know for me it's it's what it's doing

1055
00:46:09,350 --> 00:46:06,870
it's actually I'm gonna go back having

1056
00:46:12,590 --> 00:46:09,360
that baseline and that data record that

1057
00:46:14,540 --> 00:46:12,600
wasn't there before that's a first and

1058
00:46:18,170 --> 00:46:14,550
being able to do it with an amazing

1059
00:46:21,940 --> 00:46:18,180
group of people that you call yours

1060
00:46:24,470 --> 00:46:21,950
another family it's it's a great feeling

1061
00:46:27,470 --> 00:46:24,480
and it's one thing I've been able to

1062
00:46:28,910 --> 00:46:27,480
pass on to my daughter that it's she's

1063
00:46:30,740 --> 00:46:28,920
never seen me say oh god if they're

1064
00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:30,750
gonna work it's always like hurry up

1065
00:46:33,620 --> 00:46:32,010
hurry up we gotta get to school I mom's

1066
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:33,630
gonna get to work you know because I

1067
00:46:36,980 --> 00:46:35,010
will I want to go to work and it's a

1068
00:46:39,230 --> 00:46:36,990
great thing to be able to pass on to a

1069
00:46:41,570 --> 00:46:39,240
child to be enthusiastic and happy at

1070
00:46:44,750 --> 00:46:41,580
work and I'm gonna take this moment to

1071
00:46:47,320 --> 00:46:44,760
say I would not be as exciting each day

1072
00:46:50,810 --> 00:46:47,330
if I didn't have a fantastic manager and

1073
00:46:53,480 --> 00:46:50,820
with the pride that Ralph has shown and

1074
00:46:56,000 --> 00:46:53,490
the trust that he's had in us to do our

1075
00:46:58,010 --> 00:46:56,010
jobs to not be afraid to come to him and

1076
00:46:59,480 --> 00:46:58,020
I have this idea I know this is crazy

1077
00:47:02,300 --> 00:46:59,490
but what do you think about doing this

1078
00:47:06,260 --> 00:47:02,310
for application and he was like okay

1079
00:47:08,090 --> 00:47:06,270
prove it to me do it and you go back and

1080
00:47:11,000 --> 00:47:08,100
say oh crap I gotta come up with I'm

1081
00:47:13,220 --> 00:47:11,010
gonna do this and and he let you do that

1082
00:47:21,500 --> 00:47:13,230
and it's it's a wonderful feeling

1083
00:47:23,060 --> 00:47:21,510
so thank you Ralph I'm certainly proud

1084
00:47:25,370 --> 00:47:23,070
of this team like and what we've

1085
00:47:26,510 --> 00:47:25,380
accomplished there was kind of going

1086
00:47:28,460 --> 00:47:26,520
along with what Karen was saying there

1087
00:47:31,010 --> 00:47:28,470
was no challenge that this team said I

1088
00:47:33,080 --> 00:47:31,020
don't know how to solve right if we had

1089
00:47:34,880 --> 00:47:33,090
a problem the team would work late

1090
00:47:37,220 --> 00:47:34,890
nights coming on the weekends whatever

1091
00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:37,230
it took to get us past that to keep us

1092
00:47:41,030 --> 00:47:39,210
moving and ultimately up to the space

1093
00:47:42,890 --> 00:47:41,040
station and I couldn't be prouder to

1094
00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:42,900
work with this group of people who had

1095
00:47:46,700 --> 00:47:44,610
the can-do attitude we're not gonna let

1096
00:47:48,020 --> 00:47:46,710
anything get us down you know whatever

1097
00:47:49,430 --> 00:47:48,030
that problem would be technical

1098
00:47:51,230 --> 00:47:49,440
programmatic we're gonna get this thing

1099
00:47:52,820 --> 00:47:51,240
up to the space station we're gonna make

1100
00:47:56,630 --> 00:47:52,830
this measurement and I'm certainly

1101
00:48:01,630 --> 00:47:56,640
grateful to be a part of that team well

1102
00:48:05,630 --> 00:48:01,640
I'm very proud that I'm doing work that

1103
00:48:10,010 --> 00:48:05,640
has an immediate impact in our ability

1104
00:48:12,140 --> 00:48:10,020
to to reach our our scientific goals and

1105
00:48:14,720 --> 00:48:12,150
our scientific goals are something that

1106
00:48:21,010 --> 00:48:14,730
everybody should be proud of because

1107
00:48:26,300 --> 00:48:21,020
they will give us knowledge that will be

1108
00:48:29,810 --> 00:48:26,310
important for us humans as a society and

1109
00:48:31,610 --> 00:48:29,820
even for our future as it species since

1110
00:48:33,530 --> 00:48:31,620
they for inform us so much about

1111
00:48:37,220 --> 00:48:33,540
something that is tracked me for us

1112
00:48:41,420 --> 00:48:37,230
which is global warming and I think the

1113
00:48:45,950 --> 00:48:41,430
work that is that we do is amazing just

1114
00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:45,960
because of that Ralph you know it's

1115
00:48:52,250 --> 00:48:49,770
working these endeavors that prove our

1116
00:48:55,610 --> 00:48:52,260
quality of life on Earth I mean you

1117
00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:55,620
opened up with this that everyone we've

1118
00:48:58,220 --> 00:48:56,370
ever known

1119
00:49:01,340 --> 00:48:58,230
you know they've lived on planet earth

1120
00:49:04,040 --> 00:49:01,350
and so this would be the only home many

1121
00:49:06,440 --> 00:49:04,050
of us most of us will ever know so the

1122
00:49:09,030 --> 00:49:06,450
work that we do is part and parcel to

1123
00:49:11,700 --> 00:49:09,040
making sure that we

1124
00:49:14,540 --> 00:49:11,710
take care of Mother Earth today yeah

1125
00:49:16,560 --> 00:49:14,550
there were good stores that we could

1126
00:49:18,810 --> 00:49:16,570
hand something down the future

1127
00:49:22,230 --> 00:49:18,820
generations our children and in future

1128
00:49:25,530 --> 00:49:22,240
generations that were proud of and

1129
00:49:29,250 --> 00:49:25,540
that's the main driver for me and and in

1130
00:49:30,660 --> 00:49:29,260
the end I am a firm believer that you

1131
00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:30,670
know it's really the team the people

1132
00:49:34,680 --> 00:49:32,770
that you work with yeah you need the

1133
00:49:36,630 --> 00:49:34,690
hardware yeah you need the software but

1134
00:49:38,940 --> 00:49:36,640
who develops all that who tests that who

1135
00:49:44,130 --> 00:49:38,950
who operates all that equipment up there

1136
00:49:48,480 --> 00:49:44,140
in space so it's those precious moments

1137
00:49:51,030 --> 00:49:48,490
working with a team and I think when my

1138
00:49:52,890 --> 00:49:51,040
career is over here at JPL when I walk

1139
00:49:56,340 --> 00:49:52,900
out the door for the last time

1140
00:49:59,490 --> 00:49:56,350
it'll be those moments you know those

1141
00:50:03,320 --> 00:49:59,500
teams I've worked with that I will carry

1142
00:50:06,450 --> 00:50:03,330
with me as you know the most memorable

1143
00:50:09,930 --> 00:50:06,460
memories from my experiences here at JPL

1144
00:50:12,030 --> 00:50:09,940
and I'm proud to be part of the JPL

1145
00:50:17,030 --> 00:50:12,040
community proud to be part of you know

1146
00:50:19,290 --> 00:50:17,040
the co2 you know co3 teams very cool

1147
00:50:20,640 --> 00:50:19,300
we're now gonna open it up for your

1148
00:50:22,220 --> 00:50:20,650
questions and I know there are a few of

1149
00:50:24,630 --> 00:50:22,230
you online you've been asking questions

1150
00:50:27,630 --> 00:50:24,640
those are gonna work their way up here

1151
00:50:28,859 --> 00:50:27,640
if you do have a question I just asked

1152
00:50:32,250 --> 00:50:28,869
that you just step up to that microphone

1153
00:50:34,140 --> 00:50:32,260
right over there we'll get to as many as

1154
00:50:35,220 --> 00:50:34,150
we possibly can and if we do not get to

1155
00:50:37,140 --> 00:50:35,230
your question tonight

1156
00:50:38,730 --> 00:50:37,150
please don't fret they're gonna hang out

1157
00:50:41,240 --> 00:50:38,740
for a little bit you can come on up and

1158
00:50:44,820 --> 00:50:41,250
ask some questions all right number one

1159
00:50:48,300 --> 00:50:44,830
thanks for great talking at a two part

1160
00:50:52,410 --> 00:50:48,310
two part question first one was with

1161
00:50:57,050 --> 00:50:52,420
your vantage point on this data set how

1162
00:50:58,710 --> 00:50:57,060
do how do you see this this data set

1163
00:51:00,060 --> 00:50:58,720
playing forward in terms of

1164
00:51:03,180 --> 00:51:00,070
ramifications of our understanding of

1165
00:51:04,859 --> 00:51:03,190
climate change and how that will play

1166
00:51:08,640 --> 00:51:04,869
out over the next a little bit the

1167
00:51:10,830 --> 00:51:08,650
second question is programmatic with the

1168
00:51:13,200 --> 00:51:10,840
eventual change of the SS to private

1169
00:51:16,440 --> 00:51:13,210
operation how does that impact okhla

1170
00:51:20,430 --> 00:51:16,450
threes future and and future missions

1171
00:51:22,740 --> 00:51:20,440
along those lines the first part of the

1172
00:51:27,570 --> 00:51:25,590
we actually we we have modelers that's

1173
00:51:29,670 --> 00:51:27,580
on the science team so those are the

1174
00:51:31,470 --> 00:51:29,680
folks that we know if they trust the

1175
00:51:35,310 --> 00:51:31,480
data or not because they'll tell us if

1176
00:51:36,930 --> 00:51:35,320
it's not good enough and that's what

1177
00:51:43,020 --> 00:51:36,940
we're getting to right now we're always

1178
00:51:45,210 --> 00:51:43,030
fine-tuning fine-tuning I think that we

1179
00:51:48,150 --> 00:51:45,220
are seeing in Phoenix and-and-and

1180
00:51:52,380 --> 00:51:48,160
feeling changes now we just need to be

1181
00:51:54,390 --> 00:51:52,390
able to have those models because I have

1182
00:51:55,650 --> 00:51:54,400
those models show us what we hope to see

1183
00:51:58,920 --> 00:51:55,660
because right now I think we're quite

1184
00:52:00,210 --> 00:51:58,930
good with what they're trying to do is

1185
00:52:01,500 --> 00:52:00,220
predict what happened in the past they

1186
00:52:03,810 --> 00:52:01,510
take a data and it's like we know what

1187
00:52:05,640 --> 00:52:03,820
happened is it doing the same thing what

1188
00:52:07,830 --> 00:52:05,650
we eventually like to see is when then

1189
00:52:10,650 --> 00:52:07,840
the the models can start predicting what

1190
00:52:12,600 --> 00:52:10,660
will happen to the future and there's no

1191
00:52:14,550 --> 00:52:12,610
better way to have that than to have our

1192
00:52:16,740 --> 00:52:14,560
our kind of data set that's really

1193
00:52:19,290 --> 00:52:16,750
precise and be able to help them with

1194
00:52:21,840 --> 00:52:19,300
that and we'll just keep working with

1195
00:52:25,110 --> 00:52:21,850
the scientists that do that can I also

1196
00:52:33,560 --> 00:52:25,120
just tag on to that so maybe a couple of

1197
00:52:39,150 --> 00:52:33,570
specific examples so I know co2 el nino

1198
00:52:41,190 --> 00:52:39,160
2015-2016 we were able to see from our

1199
00:52:44,760 --> 00:52:41,200
global perspective that there was a

1200
00:52:47,160 --> 00:52:44,770
increased amount of co2 being emitted to

1201
00:52:49,350 --> 00:52:47,170
the atmosphere during that El Nino cycle

1202
00:52:53,660 --> 00:52:49,360
and it looks like those missions were

1203
00:52:56,910 --> 00:52:53,670
coming from South America Africa and

1204
00:52:58,860 --> 00:52:56,920
Southeast Asia and what we understood

1205
00:53:03,410 --> 00:52:58,870
from doing a little bit more research we

1206
00:53:06,540 --> 00:53:03,420
found out that South America was dry

1207
00:53:10,860 --> 00:53:06,550
Africa wasn't just dry but it was hot

1208
00:53:15,300 --> 00:53:10,870
and Southeast Asia was basically on fire

1209
00:53:17,910 --> 00:53:15,310
and so all of those data sets including

1210
00:53:19,850 --> 00:53:17,920
the ones that we got from IO co2 helped

1211
00:53:23,760 --> 00:53:19,860
us understand what was happening today

1212
00:53:25,860 --> 00:53:23,770
now as far as for the future so here's

1213
00:53:27,780 --> 00:53:25,870
the data applications example and I'm

1214
00:53:32,880 --> 00:53:27,790
sure Karen will resume and she'll

1215
00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:32,890
remember this that the lab director for

1216
00:53:36,880 --> 00:53:34,880
the National Lab for

1217
00:53:39,970 --> 00:53:36,890
agriculture in the environment Gerry

1218
00:53:42,819 --> 00:53:39,980
Hatfield few years ago when we were in

1219
00:53:44,740 --> 00:53:42,829
Iowa he enlightened me so we were

1220
00:53:48,299 --> 00:53:44,750
talking about well you know how can we

1221
00:53:52,359 --> 00:53:48,309
benefit people in the future and

1222
00:53:53,920 --> 00:53:52,369
producers farmers and I think is one

1223
00:53:57,279 --> 00:53:53,930
after one these walks in the cornfield

1224
00:53:59,950 --> 00:53:57,289
so the the interesting thing for me was

1225
00:54:02,079 --> 00:53:59,960
that you know he was excited to be able

1226
00:54:04,599 --> 00:54:02,089
to say look if we get remote sensing

1227
00:54:08,319 --> 00:54:04,609
data from Osio to combine it with our AG

1228
00:54:11,740 --> 00:54:08,329
Research Service data we can provide

1229
00:54:15,670 --> 00:54:11,750
better advice for farmers producers so

1230
00:54:20,049 --> 00:54:15,680
that of these 25 varieties are hybrids

1231
00:54:23,789 --> 00:54:20,059
of corn we can advise them what to plant

1232
00:54:26,559 --> 00:54:23,799
next year based on forecast predictions

1233
00:54:29,049 --> 00:54:26,569
and that was exciting you know for me

1234
00:54:31,240 --> 00:54:29,059
that it's not just serving the needs of

1235
00:54:35,019 --> 00:54:31,250
the science and reach research community

1236
00:54:36,910 --> 00:54:35,029
but also people and that our interest in

1237
00:54:40,059 --> 00:54:36,920
science data applications and inform

1238
00:54:41,799 --> 00:54:40,069
decision making and then the second part

1239
00:54:46,109 --> 00:54:41,809
of your question I think is just really

1240
00:54:49,599 --> 00:54:46,119
quickly is that for me

1241
00:54:50,200 --> 00:54:49,609
competition drives out the best in

1242
00:54:53,609 --> 00:54:50,210
people

1243
00:54:56,710 --> 00:54:53,619
so if they're talking about privatizing

1244
00:54:59,109 --> 00:54:56,720
the space station we've actually seen a

1245
00:55:02,170 --> 00:54:59,119
lot of benefit and the launch vehicle

1246
00:55:03,759 --> 00:55:02,180
arena you know 20 30 years ago when I

1247
00:55:05,769 --> 00:55:03,769
first started here we always talked

1248
00:55:09,970 --> 00:55:05,779
about what's the cost of launching a

1249
00:55:11,980 --> 00:55:09,980
brick into space and it was a lot back

1250
00:55:15,339 --> 00:55:11,990
then but you have a lot of competitors

1251
00:55:19,240 --> 00:55:15,349
out there now so Elon Musk you know and

1252
00:55:23,140 --> 00:55:19,250
Jeff Bezos out there that are driving

1253
00:55:25,809 --> 00:55:23,150
the cost down for access to space which

1254
00:55:28,839 --> 00:55:25,819
allows NASA to have more money to

1255
00:55:31,870 --> 00:55:28,849
develop science instruments to produce

1256
00:55:34,480 --> 00:55:31,880
data and information that we need so I

1257
00:55:37,240 --> 00:55:34,490
think it's actually a good thing that we

1258
00:55:39,370 --> 00:55:37,250
have private industry involved in this

1259
00:55:40,900 --> 00:55:39,380
partnership sanitarian question or how

1260
00:55:42,700 --> 00:55:40,910
paths request I'm pretty much although

1261
00:55:44,359 --> 00:55:42,710
it was about the prioritization of there

1262
00:55:46,370 --> 00:55:44,369
ISS yeah

1263
00:55:48,950 --> 00:55:46,380
specifically a three were a three-year

1264
00:55:50,359 --> 00:55:48,960
mission so we'll be done in 2022 there's

1265
00:55:52,309 --> 00:55:50,369
already another instrument that wants to

1266
00:55:54,259 --> 00:55:52,319
take our spot on the space station so

1267
00:55:57,799 --> 00:55:54,269
we'll be out of there before the

1268
00:55:59,480 --> 00:55:57,809
privatization takes over so answering a

1269
00:56:00,769 --> 00:55:59,490
question of specific tow Co three thank

1270
00:56:02,180 --> 00:56:00,779
you we are gonna move on to our next

1271
00:56:05,180 --> 00:56:02,190
question while you're stepping up to the

1272
00:56:06,799 --> 00:56:05,190
mic actually a good segue this is from

1273
00:56:10,190 --> 00:56:06,809
Tyler from YouTube X what's the expected

1274
00:56:12,200 --> 00:56:10,200
lifespan of o SiO 2 and O co 3 so you

1275
00:56:15,769 --> 00:56:12,210
said o co 3 what's the lifespan of oshio

1276
00:56:18,319 --> 00:56:15,779
2 was a two-year mission and we launched

1277
00:56:21,170 --> 00:56:18,329
in 2014 it's now 2019 we're still going

1278
00:56:23,120 --> 00:56:21,180
strong right now there's no indications

1279
00:56:25,970 --> 00:56:23,130
of anything that's gonna prevent OC o2

1280
00:56:28,180 --> 00:56:25,980
from not operating for a while

1281
00:56:30,859 --> 00:56:28,190
I strive we've got ample fuel on board

1282
00:56:32,690 --> 00:56:30,869
the instruments still going strong so we

1283
00:56:37,339 --> 00:56:32,700
want to use o co2 for as long as we

1284
00:56:40,400 --> 00:56:37,349
possibly can it seems that your since

1285
00:56:43,190 --> 00:56:40,410
there was a passive sensor and since you

1286
00:56:46,039 --> 00:56:43,200
integrated onto the space station can't

1287
00:56:48,289 --> 00:56:46,049
you take an energy source and turn it

1288
00:56:50,569 --> 00:56:48,299
into an active sensor and double its

1289
00:56:54,769 --> 00:56:50,579
effectiveness and use it during the

1290
00:56:59,239 --> 00:56:54,779
night and in fact if it turns out to be

1291
00:57:02,180 --> 00:56:59,249
a viable idea you have my permission and

1292
00:57:03,859 --> 00:57:02,190
run with it still his idea but can you

1293
00:57:05,890 --> 00:57:03,869
turn the passive sensor into an active

1294
00:57:09,470 --> 00:57:05,900
sensor so that I think it's short and

1295
00:57:12,349 --> 00:57:09,480
the short answer froze co2 and OC o3 is

1296
00:57:15,229 --> 00:57:12,359
is no so it definitely is a passive

1297
00:57:18,200 --> 00:57:15,239
sensors looking at spectra of reflected

1298
00:57:21,079 --> 00:57:18,210
sunlight but NASA hasn't involved JPL

1299
00:57:22,910 --> 00:57:21,089
has been involved in you can do an

1300
00:57:25,009 --> 00:57:22,920
emission that would stimulate the

1301
00:57:27,170 --> 00:57:25,019
atmosphere and that and doing the

1302
00:57:30,019 --> 00:57:27,180
breedings at night answering this

1303
00:57:31,460 --> 00:57:30,029
question though so go for it well there

1304
00:57:32,960 --> 00:57:31,470
are systems out there that are being

1305
00:57:35,569 --> 00:57:32,970
developed that could operate at night

1306
00:57:37,400 --> 00:57:35,579
and I think there may be airborne

1307
00:57:40,670 --> 00:57:37,410
systems that are already trying to do

1308
00:57:42,620 --> 00:57:40,680
that so those are active sensors but you

1309
00:57:45,319 --> 00:57:42,630
know trying to convert if you will o co

1310
00:57:47,569 --> 00:57:45,329
2 and O co 3 I can't do that

1311
00:57:51,109 --> 00:57:47,579
unfortunately just different technology

1312
00:57:52,880 --> 00:57:51,119
thank you for the suggestion yeah Ron

1313
00:57:54,559 --> 00:57:52,890
while you're stepping up Ron is asking

1314
00:57:55,999 --> 00:57:54,569
from you too what is the one factor

1315
00:58:00,670 --> 00:57:56,009
about this mission that still stands out

1316
00:58:09,740 --> 00:58:08,270
silence I mean it literally was a ralph

1317
00:58:10,910 --> 00:58:09,750
was in Karen we're talking about how

1318
00:58:12,290 --> 00:58:10,920
long they've been on this mission I also

1319
00:58:14,570 --> 00:58:12,300
went back in IE mails and found out that

1320
00:58:16,460 --> 00:58:14,580
I had been on this mission since 2011 so

1321
00:58:21,290 --> 00:58:16,470
you know there's a lot of a lot of data

1322
00:58:22,730 --> 00:58:21,300
to sift through we're gonna give you a

1323
00:58:24,620 --> 00:58:22,740
chance to think about this sure and

1324
00:58:26,570 --> 00:58:24,630
we'll move on to our next question first

1325
00:58:28,640 --> 00:58:26,580
off I'd like to say thank you for the

1326
00:58:31,850 --> 00:58:28,650
wonderful night um this question goes

1327
00:58:34,340 --> 00:58:31,860
more so to karen Graciela I'm running a

1328
00:58:35,870 --> 00:58:34,350
chapter of the Society of Women and

1329
00:58:38,840 --> 00:58:35,880
space exploration in my school's campus

1330
00:58:40,700 --> 00:58:38,850
and I just had a question for you what

1331
00:58:42,440 --> 00:58:40,710
advice do you have for young girls and

1332
00:58:44,450 --> 00:58:42,450
specifically just the future generation

1333
00:58:47,600 --> 00:58:44,460
of students for who want to take on

1334
00:58:51,280 --> 00:58:47,610
projects like this with NASA when you

1335
00:58:54,080 --> 00:58:51,290
say take on you mean working yeah okay

1336
00:58:55,850 --> 00:58:54,090
well first of all it's fantastic that

1337
00:59:01,340 --> 00:58:55,860
you're doing that we need more women

1338
00:59:03,650 --> 00:59:01,350
doing that so you applaud you just you

1339
00:59:08,750 --> 00:59:03,660
have to just keep studying you have to

1340
00:59:15,140 --> 00:59:08,760
study and be prepared and apply you know

1341
00:59:16,850 --> 00:59:15,150
and and just know that and I'll let

1342
00:59:19,430 --> 00:59:16,860
Graciela speak also I was very fortunate

1343
00:59:20,840 --> 00:59:19,440
and I came here and I started working

1344
00:59:23,420 --> 00:59:20,850
with a great group of people and very

1345
00:59:26,120 --> 00:59:23,430
supportive and I encourage any woman to

1346
00:59:28,010 --> 00:59:26,130
to come here and apply and work here and

1347
00:59:36,050 --> 00:59:28,020
keep studying we need more women and

1348
00:59:41,900 --> 00:59:36,060
stomach first thing is to be aware that

1349
00:59:46,090 --> 00:59:41,910
you can go into stem choose a field you

1350
00:59:48,590 --> 00:59:46,100
find interesting and study a lot I I did

1351
00:59:51,590 --> 00:59:48,600
undergrad master's and PhD degrees in

1352
00:59:55,820 --> 00:59:51,600
astronomy actually back in Brazil where

1353
01:00:02,090 --> 00:59:55,830
I'm from and I wanted to work for NASA

1354
01:00:04,520 --> 01:00:02,100
right but I was in Brazil so I I had

1355
01:00:06,230 --> 01:00:04,530
participated in this program that sent

1356
01:00:10,040 --> 01:00:06,240
me one year to the United States doing

1357
01:00:12,470 --> 01:00:10,050
my PhD and so I met some women that were

1358
01:00:15,410 --> 01:00:12,480
actually doing work for NASA and when I

1359
01:00:18,440 --> 01:00:15,420
finally finished my PhD I just asked

1360
01:00:21,590 --> 01:00:18,450
them can you please send my resume

1361
01:00:23,870 --> 01:00:21,600
around that's what you got to do you

1362
01:00:26,360 --> 01:00:23,880
need to meet some people and be brave

1363
01:00:30,590 --> 01:00:26,370
enough to you can do it send your resume

1364
01:00:33,890 --> 01:00:30,600
ask them for help and eventually someone

1365
01:00:38,780 --> 01:00:33,900
hired me to work on on space missions

1366
01:00:40,970 --> 01:00:38,790
and that's how you have to do it thank

1367
01:00:42,650 --> 01:00:40,980
you so much

1368
01:00:45,380 --> 01:00:42,660
one last question

1369
01:00:46,610 --> 01:00:45,390
yeah that was great see she asked a

1370
01:00:48,160 --> 01:00:46,620
question she already got a business card

1371
01:00:50,690 --> 01:00:48,170
there you go

1372
01:00:51,770 --> 01:00:50,700
that was my question this is the last

1373
01:00:52,070 --> 01:00:51,780
question of the day that was your

1374
01:00:55,160 --> 01:00:52,080
question

1375
01:00:57,470 --> 01:00:55,170
wanted to ask for the other people on

1376
01:00:58,610 --> 01:00:57,480
the panel what steps that you guys take

1377
01:01:01,670 --> 01:00:58,620
to get to where you are today

1378
01:01:07,610 --> 01:01:01,680
like what started your career here at

1379
01:01:10,970 --> 01:01:07,620
NASA I think that one when I was in

1380
01:01:13,970 --> 01:01:10,980
undergrad in college I remember seeing

1381
01:01:16,220 --> 01:01:13,980
the first video come out about the Mars

1382
01:01:19,790 --> 01:01:16,230
exploration Rovers and I was just blown

1383
01:01:21,290 --> 01:01:19,800
away that you know JPL sent two robots

1384
01:01:23,120 --> 01:01:21,300
to Mars to drive around and the

1385
01:01:24,500 --> 01:01:23,130
engineering challenges that it took to

1386
01:01:27,200 --> 01:01:24,510
get there and I'm like I really want to

1387
01:01:29,420 --> 01:01:27,210
to go work here and one of the things

1388
01:01:31,880 --> 01:01:29,430
some of things I got into in college

1389
01:01:33,530 --> 01:01:31,890
were were projects at my university and

1390
01:01:35,360 --> 01:01:33,540
one of those projects was to build a

1391
01:01:37,340 --> 01:01:35,370
small satellite they called them cube

1392
01:01:39,020 --> 01:01:37,350
sets so I started one in my

1393
01:01:40,040 --> 01:01:39,030
undergraduate University when I went to

1394
01:01:42,230 --> 01:01:40,050
grad school I eventually got the

1395
01:01:43,550 --> 01:01:42,240
opportunity to build one that did fly in

1396
01:01:45,830 --> 01:01:43,560
space and that was an incredible

1397
01:01:47,480 --> 01:01:45,840
opportunity so one of the advices I like

1398
01:01:49,580 --> 01:01:47,490
to give people as they're coming through

1399
01:01:51,170 --> 01:01:49,590
their education and trying to figure out

1400
01:01:52,400 --> 01:01:51,180
how to to work in an engineering

1401
01:01:53,930 --> 01:01:52,410
aerospace field is to try to get

1402
01:01:55,490 --> 01:01:53,940
involved in projects as much as you can

1403
01:01:58,130 --> 01:01:55,500
get that hands-on experience how you

1404
01:02:01,700 --> 01:01:58,140
apply what you learn in the classroom to

1405
01:02:03,140 --> 01:02:01,710
two projects is huge and that will be a

1406
01:02:05,060 --> 01:02:03,150
that'll big something that will help you

1407
01:02:07,790 --> 01:02:05,070
as you go into the employment field cool

1408
01:02:09,590 --> 01:02:07,800
thank you well folks if you're in line

1409
01:02:10,880 --> 01:02:09,600
you can come up and ask in just a second

1410
01:02:13,430 --> 01:02:10,890
but that is all the time that we have

1411
01:02:14,720 --> 01:02:13,440
for tonight first off a couple

1412
01:02:17,390 --> 01:02:14,730
housekeeping things will be taking

1413
01:02:18,980 --> 01:02:17,400
December off but please join us in

1414
01:02:21,109 --> 01:02:18,990
January as we say fair

1415
01:02:23,180 --> 01:02:21,119
all to the Spitzer Space Telescope as it

1416
01:02:25,100 --> 01:02:23,190
prepares for its end of mission also

1417
01:02:27,470 --> 01:02:25,110
happening in January I'd like to thank

1418
01:02:28,670 --> 01:02:27,480
our panel one last time for joining us

1419
01:02:34,500 --> 01:02:28,680
tonight can I get a big round of

1420
01:02:38,099 --> 01:02:36,089
and thank you to all of you for joining

1421
01:02:41,590 --> 01:02:38,109
us today have a great rest your night